How the fetus withstands an environment of reduced oxygenation during life in the womb
has been a vibrant area of research since this field was introduced by Joseph Barcroft, a …

In the present article the putative role of environmental factors in schizophrenia is reviewed
and synthesized. Accumulating evidence from recent studies suggests that environmental …

OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide evidence-based guidelines for utilization of Doppler
studies for fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). METHODS: Relevant …

Placental dysfunction leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an important risk factor for
neurodevelopmental delay. Recent observations clarify that FGR evolves prenatally from a …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia differ in their association with
maternal disease but share a similar placental pathology. Moreover, mothers who have had …

Objective To identify the sequence of progression of arterial and venous Doppler
abnormalities from the onset of placental insufficiency in intrauterine growth restriction …

The use of hyperprolific sow lines has increased litter size considerably in the last three
decades. Nowadays, in some countries litters can reach up to 18–20 piglets being a major …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and
morbidity and metabolic syndrome in later life. Recent advances in ultrasound and Doppler …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a failure to achieve the growth potential of a fetus
that is promised by the genetic constitution and environmental influences endogenous to the …

A uniform approach to management of fetal growth restriction (FGR) improves outcome,
prevents stillbirth, and allows appropriately timed delivery. An estimated fetal weight below …