Diabetes is a chronic, systemic metabolic disease that leads to multiple complications, even
death. Meanwhile, the number of people with diabetes worldwide is increasing year by year …

Given the huge economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on human beings,
it is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring process to treat and …

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, however patients with
diabetes may also develop hypoglycemia due to treatment. There is an increasing demand …

The incineration of plastics and biomass is an efficient alternative to reduce the amount of
solid waste and is also beneficial for energy production. Soot is one of the main byproducts …

The analysis of salivary biomarkers has gained interest and is advantageous for simple,
safe, and non-invasive testing in diagnosis as well as treatment. This chapter explores the …

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are emerging pollutants whose uncontrolled
release in natural aquatic environments can pose risks to human and animal health. In this …

Neurotransmitters (NTs) are molecules produced by neurons that act as the body's chemical
messengers. Their abnormal levels in the human system have been associated with many …

Graphene-based materials, such as graphene oxide (GO), have been receiving much
attention due to their graphene-like properties and compatibility with other materials. At the …

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unique characteristics ideal for enhancing device
sensitivity, primarily due to their high surface-to-volume ratio facilitating heightened …

Carbon-based materials, such as graphene, exhibit interesting physical properties and have
been recently investigated in sensing applications. In this paper, a novel technique for …