CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides specifically
designed to stimulate Toll-like receptor 9. TLR9 is expressed on human plasmacytoid …

Bacillus anthracis has been identified as a potential military and bioterror agent as it is
relatively simple to produce, with spores that are highly resilient to degradation in the …

A licensed anthrax vaccine has been available for pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United
States since 1970, and it was approved for use as a post-exposure prophylaxis, in …

Vaccination against Bacillus anthracis is the best preventive measure against the
development of deadly anthrax disease in the event of exposure to anthrax either as a …

Sepsis involves a disordered host response to systemic infection leading to high morbidity
and mortality. Despite intense research, targeted sepsis therapies beyond antibiotics have …

Introduction: Anthrax is a dangerous bio-terror agent because Bacillus anthracis spores are
highly resilient and can be easily aerosolized and disseminated. There is a threat of …

Polysaccharides isolated from natural plants may represent a novel source of vaccine
adjuvants. In this research, we focused on a natural plant polysaccharide, PCP-I, which is …

Pulmonary anthrax caused by exposure to inhaled Bacillus anthracis, the most lethal form of
anthrax disease, is a continued military and public health concern for the United States. The …

Introduction Vaccines and therapeutic antibodies are the most crucial components of
anthrax prophylaxis (pre-and post-exposure) and treatment. The improvement in the …

A recombinant protective antigen anthrax vaccine (GC1109) is being developed as a new-
generation vaccine by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. In accordance …