Thyroid hormones influence renal development, kidney hemodynamics, glomerular filtration
rate and sodium and water homeostasis. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect renal …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes
mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. The standard treatments for …

A growing body of evidence suggests that hypothyroidism is a risk factor for incident CKD,
CKD progression, and higher death risk in kidney disease patients. Rigorous studies are …

Subclinical hypothyroidism (sHypo) is defined as normal serum free thyroid hormone levels
coexisting with elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. sHypo is a …

The estimated prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in the general population is
3% to 8%. As the average age of the population in the United States and other countries …

Thyroid functional disease, and in particular hypothyroidism, is highly prevalent among
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In the general …

Hormonal derangements at the level of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis are often seen with
the worsening of kidney function. This may not be surprising given the role of the kidney in …

Thyroid hormones may directly affect the kidney and altered kidney function may also
contribute to thyroid disorders. The renal manifestations of thyroid disorders are based on …

Subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and
increased risk of coronary artery disease. However, limited is known for its effect on renal …

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
However, it is unknown whether common complications of type 2 diabetes, such as diabetic …