Psycholinguists define spoken word recognition (SWR) as, roughly, the processes
intervening between speech perception and sentence processing, whereby a sequence of …

We exploit the phenomenon of cross-modal, cross-language activation to examine the
dynamics of language processing. Previous within-language work showed that seeing a …

In adult bilinguals, a word in one language will activate a related word in the other language,
with language dominance modulating the direction of these effects. To determine whether …

Language can have a powerful effect on how people experience events. Here, we examine
how the languages people speak guide attention and influence what they remember from a …

Bilinguals' two languages seem to be coactivated in parallel during reading, speaking, and
listening. However, this coactivation in writing has been scarcely studied. This study aimed …

Aims: The study investigates the effects of L2 proficiency and L2 exposure on L2-to-L1 cross-
language activation (CLA) in L1-dominant bilinguals. In so doing, it tests the predictions …

It is well established that access to the bilingual lexicon is non-selective: even in an entirely
monolingual context, elements of the non-target language are active. Research has also …

How do early bilingual experiences influence children's neural architecture for word
processing? Dual language acquisition can yield common influences that may be shared …

Fingerspelling is a critical component of many sign languages. This manual representation
of orthographic code is one key way in which signers engage in translanguaging, drawing …

Previous studies on the comprehension of code-switched sentences often neglected the
code-switching habit of the specific community, so that the processing difficulty might not …