“Functional cure” is being pursued as the ultimate endpoint of antiviral treatment in chronic
hepatitis B (CHB), which is characterized by loss of HBsAg whether or not anti-HBs …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of innate immune cells with major relevance in the
establishment of an adaptive response, as they are responsible for the activation of …

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection develops as an acute or chronic liver disease,
which progresses from steatosis, hepatitis, and fibrosis to end-stage liver diseases such as …

As evidence has mounted that virus-infected cells, such as cancer cells, negatively regulate
the function of T-cells via immune checkpoints, it has become increasingly clear that viral …

Macrophages display functional phenotypic plasticity. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection
induces polarizations of liver macrophages either to M1-like pro-inflammatory phenotype or …

Abstract Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with an estimated 400 million people infected worldwide …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and alcohol abuse often contribute to the development of end-stage
liver disease. Alcohol abuse not only causes rapid progression of liver disease in HBV …

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 292 million people worldwide and is
associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations including cirrhosis, liver failure, and …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern. HBV causes chronic
infection in patients and can lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other …

The study enrolled 284 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Participants included
people with mild fibrotic lesions (32.5%), moderate to severe fibrotic lesions (27.5%) …