Fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome is a common illness characterized by chronic widespread pain,
sleep problems, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems …

Abstract Purpose of Review Scientists have reported that pain is always created by the
brain. This may not be entirely true. Pain is not only a sensory experience, but also can be …

Importance A pharmacological approach to pain control after cesarean delivery is often
insufficient on its own. Acupuncture is a promising method for mitigating postoperative pain …

Since 2004, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used in treatment-resistant or
treatment-intolerant depressive episodes. Today, VNS is suggested as possible therapy for …

Objective Standard of care for opioid use disorder (OUD) includes medication and
counseling. However, there is an unmet need for complementary approaches to treat OUD …

Background The vagus nerve exerts an anti‐nociceptive effect on the viscera. Aim To
investigate whether transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation (t‐VNS) prevents the …

Objectives Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a relatively novel
noninvasive neurostimulation method that is believed to mimic the effects of invasive …

Aims This work aimed to study the effect of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on severe
restless legs syndrome (RLS) resistant to pharmacotherapy. Materials and Methods Patients …

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is one of the most difficult pain conditions to treat due to an
unknown etiology and a lack of innovative treatment design and effectiveness. Based upon …

Background Rett syndrome is a rare neurological disorder associated with a mutation in the
X-linked gene MECP2. This disorder mainly affects females, who typically have seemingly …