Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis
and defence of the central nervous system (CNS). Astroglia contribute to the …

Bioelectronic Medicine stands as an emerging field that rapidly evolves and offers distinctive
clinical benefits, alongside unique challenges. It consists of the modulation of the nervous …

Animal models have been used extensively in in vivo studies, especially within the
biomedical field. Traditionally, single-sex studies, mostly males, are used to avoid any …

Neuronal activity and neurochemical stimulation trigger spatio-temporal changes in the
cytoplasmic concentration of Na+ ions in astrocytes. These changes constitute the substrate …

Chloride ions (Cl−) play a pivotal role in synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system,
primarily mediated through ionotropic mechanisms. A recent breakthrough emphathizes the …

Astrocytes belong to an extended class of astroglia, a class of neural cells of ectodermal,
neuroepithelial origin that sustain homeostasis and provide for defense of the brain and the …

The Oxford English Dictionary defines plasticity, when used in a life-science context, as the
“adaptability of an organism to changes in its environment or differences between its various …

Over the past decades, time and again, a new development, technique, or methodical
approach in biology and biomedicine has been heralded as “breakthrough” or …