Having experienced low prices for about a decade, the European Union Emissions Trading
System has been supplemented with the market stability reserve (MSR) that adjusts the …

The participation of financial actors is a key design issue in all emissions allowance markets.
Although financials perform several necessary market functions, excessive speculation may …

The global energy crisis, which began in 2021 due to the extraordinary economic recovery
after the pandemic and intensified after Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, has …

Deep decarbonization of energy systems poses considerable challenges to electricity
markets and there is a growing consensus that an energy-only design based on short-term …

The recent reform of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) has brought to the forefront the
issue of allowance market functioning in the long run. With the emissions cap now …

The European Union (EU) has consistently held a prominent global position in climate
governance. This paper compiles 152 climate neutrality policies issued by the European …

Many carbon markets have emerged worldwide, but their poor sector coverage generates
economic inefficiency. This is the first study that quantifies the efficiency gains of expanding …

This study examines the effects of the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment
Mechanism (CBAM) on South Korean industries. Concerns about carbon leakage, where …

In its modernization of its reporting requirements, the US Security and Exchange
Commission (SEC) defined measures of oil and gas reserves which exaggerated price …

The stakeholders put pressure on supply chain managers to provide the performance which
is economically viable and also environmentally sound. The inclusion of environmental …