Glucuronidation and sulfation are the most typical phase II metabolic reactions of drugs. The
resulting glucuronide and sulfate conjugates are generally considered inactive and safe …

During its fourth transporter workshop in 2021, the International Transporter Consortium
(ITC) provided updates on emerging clinically relevant transporters for drug development …

Predicting transporter-based drug clearance (CL) and tissue concentrations (TC) in humans
is important to reduce the risk of failure during drug development. In addition, when …

The effect of membrane transporters on drug disposition, efficacy and safety is now well
recognized. Since the initial publication from the International Transporter Consortium …

To address the most appropriate endogenous biomarker for drug–drug interaction risk
assessment, eight healthy subjects received an organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B …

The human solute carrier 22 family (SLC22), also termed the organic ion transporter family,
consists of 28 distinct multi-membrane spanning proteins, which phylogenetically cluster …

Previous studies have shown that lipid-lowering statins are transported by various ATP-
binding cassette (ABC) transporters. However, because of varying methods, it is difficult to …

Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) caused by the co‐administration of multiple drugs are major
safety concerns in the clinic. Several drugs have been withdrawn from the market due to …

Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions (DDIs) occur when a drug alters the absorption,
transport, distribution, metabolism or excretion of a co-administered agent. The occurrence …

Organic cation transporters (OCT), organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) and
organic anion transporters (OAT) from the solute carrier (SLC) family play an essential role …