BACKGROUND: Azilsartan medoxomil is an angiotensin receptor blocker, approved on
February 25, 2011 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for hypertension …

Cerebrovascular Diseases (CVD) comprise a wide spectrum of disorders, all sharing an
acquired or inherited alteration of the cerebral vasculature. CVD have been associated with …

Objective Transient ischemic attacks are common and important harbingers of subsequent
stroke. Management varies widely, and most published guidelines have not been updated in …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
are recognized to reduce cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality, which is primarily …

Renin inhibitors are antihypertensive drugs that block the first step in the renin-angiotensin
system. Their mechanism of action differs from that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme …

Aim Arteriogenesis constitutes the most efficient endogenous rescue mechanism in cases of
cerebral ischaemia. The aim of this work was to investigate whether angiotensin‐converting …

Angiotensin II and aldosterone produce pro-arrhythmic effects by several mechanisms,
including the modulation of voltage-dependent K+ channels involved in human cardiac …

Background: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has long been recognized
to play a significant role in hypertension pathophysiology. Certain agents that modify the …

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a steroid receptor that physiologically regulates water
and electrolyte homeostasis but that can also induce pathophysiological effects in the …

The four major classes of antihypertensive drugs—diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel
blockers, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (including angiotensin-converting enzyme …