The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) worldwide has rapidly increased over the
past few decades. Thus, in addition to the classical risk factors for ADs, such as genetic …

Our ancestral diet consisted of much more nondigestible fiber than that of many societies
today. Thus, from an evolutionary perspective the human genome and its physiological and …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and CD4+ T cells produce IL-22, which is critical for intestinal
immunity. The microbiota is central to IL-22 production in the intestines; however, the factors …

The gut microbiota plays an important role in cardio-metabolic diseases with diet being
among the strongest modulators of gut microbiota composition and function. Resistant …

In recent years, the importance of the gut microbiota in human health has been revealed and
many publications have highlighted its role as a key component of human physiology …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are
metabolites produced during the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the intestinal tract …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC
is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour …

The microbial metabolite butyrate serves as a link between the intestinal microbiome and
epithelium. The monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and SMCT1 are the predominant …

Obesity is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and dysbiosis of the gut
microbiota. Spermidine, a polyamine that acts as an autophagy inducer, has important …

The gastrointestinal (GI) system contains many different types of immune cells, making it a
key immune organ system in the human body. In the last decade, our knowledge has …