Influenza is a highly contagious viral pathogen with more than 200,000 cases reported in the
United States during the 2017–2018 season. Annual vaccination is recommended by the …

Influenza virus infects millions of people annually and can cause global pandemics.
Hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary component of commercial influenza vaccines (CIV), and …

The induction of systemic antibody titers against hemagglutinin has long been the main
focus of influenza vaccination strategies, but mucosal immunity has also been shown to play …

Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates
among people of all ages. Influenza viruses spread and evolve rapidly in the human …

Influenza virus, a highly mutable respiratory pathogen, causes significant disease nearly
every year. Current vaccines are designed to protect against circulating influenza strains of a …

Influenza virus remains a serious public health burden due to ongoing viral evolution.
Vaccination remains the best measure of prophylaxis, yet current seasonal vaccines elicit …

Influenza virus is a major cause of death on a global scale. Seasonal vaccines have been
developed to combat influenza; however, they are not always highly effective. One strategy …

Annual flu led by influenza viruses is contemplated to be one of the foremost global health
challenges due to its rapid spread leading to the life-threatening epidemic or pandemic. An …

Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.
They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy …

Conventional influenza vaccines are designed to stimulate neutralizing antibodies against
immunodominant but highly variable hemagglutinin antigens. Inherent limitations include …