Cardiac parasympathetic activity may be non-invasively investigated using heart rate
variability (HRV), although HRV is not widely accepted to reflect sympathetic activity …

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

Comprised of the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and enteric
nervous system, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) provides the neural control of all parts …

New Findings What is the topic of this review? The manuscript collectively combines the
experimental observations from> 100 publications focusing on the regulation of cerebral …

This review examines the cardiovascular adaptations along with total body water and
plasma volume adjustments that occur in parallel with improved heat loss responses during …

The brain controls the heart directly through the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
of the autonomic nervous system, which consists of multi-synaptic pathways from myocardial …

Psychologically stressful experiences evoke changes in cardiovascular physiology that may
influence risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). But what are the neural circuits and …

After a short historical account, and a discussion of Hill and Meyerhof's theory of the
energetics of muscular exercise, we analyse steady-state rest and exercise as the condition …

The exercise pressor reflex is a feedback mechanism engaged upon stimulation of mechano-
and metabosensitive skeletal muscle afferents. Activation of these afferents elicits a reflex …

Appropriate cardiovascular adjustment is necessary to meet the metabolic demands of
working skeletal muscle during exercise. The sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial …