Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to
energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium …

Low back pain is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly medical condition predominantly
triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is often caused by structural and …

The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of
intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has …

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass,
destruction of bone microstructure, raised bone fragility, and enhanced risk of fractures. The …

Animal models have been invaluable in the identification of molecular events occurring in
and contributing to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and important therapeutic targets …

As society ages, the number of patients with spinal degenerative diseases (SDD) is
increasing, posing a major socioeconomic problem for patients and their families. SDD …

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a chronic pain disorder arising from somatosensory nervous
system impairment. Extensive evidence supports the notion that the gut microbiota (GM) is …

Objective Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of back pain, and its
treatment is a serious socio‐economic burden. The safety and treatment of fecal microbiota …

The intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) and its associated conditions are an important
problem in modern medicine. The onset of IDD may be in childhood and adolescence in …

Objective Low back pain (LBP) is a worldwide health issue primarily attributed to
intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Qiangjin Zhuang Qufeng mixture (QJZG), an …