Seminal plasma (SP), the non-cellular component of semen, is a heterogeneous composite
fluid built by secretions of the testis, the epididymis and the accessory sexual glands. Its …

BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis generates a small and highly specialised type of cell that
is apparently incapable of transcription and translation. For many years, this dogma was …

More than a century ago, August Weissman defined a distinction between the germline
(responsible for propagating heritable information from generation to generation) and the …

Traditionally, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) specifically decoded messenger RNA (mRNA) and
participated in protein translation. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), also known as tRNA …

Folate is an essential vitamin for vertebrate embryo development. Methotrexate (MTX) is a
folate antagonist that is widely prescribed for autoimmune diseases, blood and solid organ …

Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles (30–160 nm diameter) with lipid bilayer
membrane secrete by various cells that mediate the communication between cells and …

Background RNA harbored by mammalian sperm is increasingly considered to be an
additional source of paternal hereditary information, beyond DNA. Recent studies have …

There is mounting evidence that ancestral life experiences and environment can influence
phenotypes in descendants. The parental environment regulates offspring phenotypes …

Although male infertility is currently diagnosed when abnormal sperm parameters are found,
the poor predictive ability of sperm parameters on natural fecundity and medically assisted …

Infertility caused by male factors is routinely diagnosed by assessing the traditional semen
parameters. Growing evidence has indicated that the tsRNAs carried in sperm act as …