Objectives Kidney disease is emerging as a critical medical problem worldwide. Because of
limited treatment options for the damaged kidney, stem cell treatment is becoming an …

In developmental biology, transcription factors are involved in regulating the process of
neural development, controlling the differentiation of nerve cells, and affecting the normal …

The kidney plays an essential role during excretion of metabolic waste products,
maintenance of key homeostasis components such as ion concentrations and hormone …

The kidneys play a vital role in the excretion of waste products and the regulation of
electrolytes, maintenance of acid–base balance, regulation of blood pressure, and …

The kidney is extraordinarily sensitive to adverse fetal programming. Malnutrition, the most
common form of developmental challenge, retards the formation of functional units, the …

The function of the lower urinary tract is basically storage of urine in the bladder and the at-
will periodic evacuation of the stored urine. Urinary incontinence is one of the most common …

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common birth defects and
the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children. There is a wide spectrum of renal …

Background Renal coloboma syndrome (RCS) is characterized by renal anomalies and
optic nerve colobomas. PAX2 mutations contribute to RCS. However, approximately half of …

The discovery that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can attenuate acute kidney
injury (AKI)-mediated damage and reduce fibrosis in kidney disease models has opened the …

Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of rapidly
progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) as well as in focal and segmental …