New trends in knowledge acquisition and advances in several disciplines have led to the
fusion of hitherto separate lines of specialties. In life sciences, the coming together of diverse …

Milestones and developments in microbiology have been defined by constant changes in
the outlook of the discipline, from being a basic science course in the nineteenth century to …

This chapter presents a short history of the development of New Technology-Based Firms
(NTBFs) and the governmental supports for their development in Iran. The historical review …

Converging technologies require intelligent policy-making as they have significant
capabilities to develop disruptive innovations. In this regard, future-oriented technology …

Sanctions on the scientific community of Iran go back to the days following the victory of the
1979 revolution when the severe pressures on the country commenced. Although it is still …