With the advent of next-generation sequencing, we have an unprecedented ability to study
tumor and host genomes as well as those of the vast array of microorganisms that exist …

Highlights•Drivers of low-diversity dysbiosis include antibiotics, host genetics,
physiology.•Dysbiosis results in shifts in microbial composition and function.•Dysbiosis …

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) affects not only local diseases in the GIT but also various
systemic diseases. Factors that can affect the health and disease of both GIT and the human …

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become a research focus of biomedicine and
clinical medicine in recent years. The clinical response from FMT for different diseases …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the fastest growing metabolic diseases, has been
characterized by metabolic disorders including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin …

The most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea is Clostridium difficile infection
(CDI). Recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI) often occurs after successful treatment of CDI …

Microbiome is the community of microorganism that co-live with a host. The human being is
the result of the integration of its genome and the coexistence with millions of …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), conventionally consist of Crohn's disease (CD) and
ulcerative colitis. They occur in individuals with high risk genotype for the disease in the …

Background Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory intestinal disorder
associated with fecal dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging …

Human secretory immunoglobulins (SIg) A1 and SIgA2 guide mucosal responses toward
tolerance or inflammation, notably through reverse‐transcytosis, the apical‐to‐basal …