Progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) proteostasis, ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), as well as ER stress …

Background Carotenoids are among the most important pigments found in nature, which are
synthesized by various eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. With few knows exceptions …

Endometriosis (EM) is defined as endometrial tissues found outside the uterus. Growth and
development of endometriotic cells in ectopic sites can be promoted via multiple pathways …

N-linked glycosylation is one of the most abundant posttranslational modifications of
membrane-bound proteins in eukaryotes and affects a number of biological activities …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for the synthesis and folding of a large
number of proteins, as well as intracellular calcium regulation, lipid synthesis, and lipid …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as the major reason for mortality and
morbidity worldwide. Substantial evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress plays a …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been found in plants, mammals, and natural
environmental processes. The presence of ROS in mammals has been linked to the …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when ER homeostasis is perturbed with
accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein or calcium depletion. The unfolded protein …

The c‐Jun‐N‐terminal‐kinase (JNK) family is highly conserved across species such as
Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish and mammals, and plays a central role in hepatic …

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the
United States and mechanisms of liver injury induced by APAP overdose have been the …