For decades, scientists have described numerous protein pathways and functions. Much of a
protein's function depends on its interactions with different partners, and those partners can …

The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease is increasing year by year, but only a few
medications are available. We found that OAB-14, a new small molecule, can improve …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their projections to the striatum. Several …

The established role of ATP-responsive P2X7 receptor in inflammatory, neurodegenerative,
and immune diseases is now expanding to include several aspects of metabolic …

Abstract Purinergic 2 receptors (P2Rs) contribute to disease-related immune cell signaling
and are upregulated in various pathological settings, including neuroinflammation. P2R …

In the oxidative stress-loaded brain, extracellular adenosine levels are elevated and thereby
neuronal damage is attenuated, but mechanisms underlying alteration of the extracellular …

AIM: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a DNA repair enzyme, and its excessive
activation, following ischemia, trauma, etc., depletes cellular nicotinamide adenine …

Aim In this study, we evaluated the effect of divalent metal cations on zinc uptake via mouse
Zrt/Irt-like protein 1 (mZIP1), a ubiquitously expressed zinc transporter, which plays a role in …

Nucleotides and nucleosides play important roles by maintaining brain homeostasis, and
their extracellular concentrations are mainly regulated by ectonucleotidases and nucleoside …

The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a member of the family of ligand-gated ion
channels composed of seven subtypes, P2X1–7. These receptors possess three subunits …