Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, with
devastating consequences. While the medical community has gained insight into the …

The globally circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
variant of concern Omicron (B. 1.1. 529) has a large number of mutations, especially in the …

Omicron is the evolutionarily most distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern (VOC) to date. We report that Omicron BA. 1 breakthrough …

There is an urgent need for an effective, oral, direct-acting therapeutic to block transmission
of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and prevent progression …

The adaptive immune system is important for control of most viral infections. The three
fundamental components of the adaptive immune system are B cells (the source of …

Shortly after SARS-CoV emerged at the turn of the 21st century, the spike (S) protein
(particularly in its prefusion [native] conformation) was identified as the immunodominant …

While the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively studied in blood,
relatively little is known about the antibody response in saliva and its relationship to systemic …

Pre-existing cross-reactive immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins in infection-naive subjects have been described by …

Background Although several COVID-19 vaccines have been developed so far, they will not
be sufficient to meet the global demand. Development of a wider range of vaccines, with …