Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive, psychiatric, and
neurodegenerative complications that may develop after injury. Increased microglial …

Microglia are macrophages that reside in the central nervous system (CNS) and belong to
the innate immune system. Moreover, they are crucially involved in CNS development …

Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of
acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are …

Long‐term neurological deficits after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), including cognitive
dysfunction and emotional impairments, can significantly impair rehabilitation. Glial …

Aging adversely affects inflammatory processes in the brain, which has important
implications in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Following traumatic brain …

DNA damage and type I interferons (IFNs) contribute to inflammatory responses after
traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI-induced activation of microglia and peripherally-derived …

Background The secondary injury caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially white
matter injury (WMI), is highly sensitive to neuroinflammation, which further leads to …

Cell cultures are used in pharmaceutical, medical and biological sciences. Due to the ethical
and cost limitations of in vivo models, the replaceable cell model that is more closely related …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) hosts linear polypeptides and fosters natural folding of
proteins through ER-residing chaperones and enzymes. Failure of the ER to align and …

Ischemic stroke, a primary cause of disability and the second leading cause of mortality, has
emerged as an urgent public health issue. Growing evidence suggests that the Cyclic GMP …