The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear, and there is no disease-
modifying agent for PD. Withaferin A (WA), a naturally occurring compound, has emerged as …

Neuropsychiatric complications including depression and cognitive decline develop in the
years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), negatively affecting quality of life. Microglial and type …

Clinical trials of therapeutics for traumatic brain injury (TBI) demonstrating preclinical efficacy
for TBI have failed to replicate these results in humans, in part due to the absence of …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that performs multiple
functions, such as lipid biosynthesis, protein folding, and maintaining intracellular calcium …

Ischemic stroke includes two related pathological damage processes: brain injury caused by
primary ischemia and secondary ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury has become a …

Introduction Increased neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation has been reported to be
associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and neurological deficits in traumatic brain …

Background and purpose Traumatic brain injury (TBI) destroys white matter, and this
destruction is aggravated by secondary neuroinflammatory reactions. Although white matter …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to several pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB)
breakdown is considered to be one of the initial changes. Further, the microenvironmental …

Sterile inflammation characterized by unresolved chronic inflammation is well established to
promote the progression of multiple autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prevalent microvascular complications caused
by diabetes mellitus. Previous studies demonstrate that microvascular endothelial …