Optical forces, generally arising from changes of field gradients or linear momentum carried
by photons, form the basis for optical trapping and manipulation. Advances in optical forces …

Functional regulation and structural maintenance of the different organelles in plants
contribute directly to plant development, reproduction and stress responses. To ensure …

Metabolic fluctuations in chloroplasts and mitochondria can trigger retrograde signals to
modify nuclear gene expression. Mobile signals likely to be involved are reactive oxygen …

Eukaryotic cells across the tree of life organize their subcellular components via intracellular
transport mechanisms. In canonical transport, myosin, kinesin, and dynein motor proteins …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic polygonal membrane network
composed of interconnected tubules and sheets (cisternae) that forms the first compartment …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected tubules and sheets
stretching throughout the cytoplasm of plant cells. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) …

The response of chloroplasts to adverse environmental cues, principally increases in light
intensity, stimulates chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signalling, which leads to the …

Phase separation has emerged as a fundamental principle for organizing viral and cellular
membraneless organelles. Although these subcellular compartments have been recognized …

In plant cells, calcium (Ca2+) serves as a versatile intracellular messenger, participating in
several fundamental and important biological processes. Recent studies have shown that …

Mitochondria are highly pleomorphic, undergoing rounds of fission and fusion. Mitochondria
are essential for energy conversion, with fusion favouring higher energy demand. Unlike …