Macrophages are crucial components of the immune system and play a critical role in the
initial defense against pathogens. They are highly heterogeneous and plastic and can be …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a small subset of slowly dividing cells with tumor-
initiating ability. They can self-renew and differentiate into all the distinct cell populations …

Abstract Background Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component
of the tumour microenvironment (TME). However, the crosstalk between oesophageal …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), responsible of the Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS), continues to be a major global public health issue with any cure or …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease dominated by inflammatory synovitis. RA
synovial macrophages tend undergo M1-type macrophage polarization. Then, polarized M1 …

The complex interaction between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells
through soluble factors provides essential cues for breast cancer progression. TAMs …

Regulatory macrophages (Mreg) are a special cell type that present a potential therapeutic
strategy for various inflammatory diseases. In vitro, Mreg generation mainly takes 7–10 days …

Macrophages, which are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system, possess sensory
receptors that enable them to target cancer cells. In addition, they are able to engulf large …

The most severe clinical manifestations of the horrifying COVID-19 disease, that claimed
millions of lives during the pandemic time, were Acute respiratory distress syndrome …

Dysregulated cathepsin activity is linked to various human diseases including metabolic
disorders, autoimmune conditions, and cancer. Given the overexpression of cathepsin in the …