In the 1970s, treatment with thyroid extract was superseded by levothyroxine, a synthetic l
form of tetraiodothyronine. Since then, no major innovation has emerged for the treatment of …

Background: Fourteen clinical trials have not shown a consistent benefit of combination
therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) and liothyronine (LT3). Despite the publication of these …

The purposes of this study was to assess the youth mental health after the coronavirus
disease 19 (COVID-19) occurred in China two weeks later, and to investigate factors of …

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may
shed light on why some patients feel unwell while taking levothyroxine monotherapy. The …

Background: Hypothyroidism has multiple etiologies and manifestations. Appropriate
treatment requires an accurate diagnosis and is influenced by coexisting medical conditions …

Background: Approximately 15% more patients taking levothyroxine (LT4) report impaired
quality of life compared to controls. This could be explained by additional diagnoses …

Thyroid hormones have long been known to have a range of effects on the cardiovascular
system. However, significant knowledge gaps exist concerning the precise molecular and …

Background: Data suggest symptoms of hypothyroidism persist in 5–10% of levothyroxine (L-
T4)-treated hypothyroid patients with normal serum thyrotrophin (TSH). The use of L-T4+ …

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease characterized by
lymphocytic infiltration and thyrocyte destruction. Dissection of the interaction between the …