Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously
evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill …

Abstract Background/Objective Heterologous prime–boost doses of COVID-19 vaccines
('mix-and-match'approach) are being studied to test for the effectiveness of Oxford …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly
infectious respiratory virus which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID …

In December 2019, a new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was …

The elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity is becoming increasingly complex with individuals
receiving a different number of vaccine doses paired with or without recovery from …

Coronavirus is a type of RNA-positive single-stranded virus with an envelope, and the
spines on its surface derived its official name. Seven human coronaviruses 229E, OC43 …

In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered the
global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although most infections cause a …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with several antigenic
variants, has grown into a global challenge, and the rapid establishment of an immune …

Background There is evidence that the adaptive or acquired immune system is one of the
crucial variables in differentiating the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

Understanding the long-term maintenance of severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity is critical for predicting protection against reinfection …