The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic,
maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that …

Germline loss-of-function mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene cause von Hippel–
Lindau disease, which is associated with an increased risk of hemangioblastomas, clear cell …

Amino acids are fundamental units of molecular components that are essential for sustaining
life; however, their metabolism is closely interconnected to the control systems of cell …

In the context of myocardial infarction, the burst of superoxide generated by reverse electron
transport (RET) at complex I in mitochondria is a crucial trigger for damage during …

Over the past few decades, the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has
mainly been through an LDL lowering strategy and treatments targeting other traditional risk …

Abstract ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1) regulates the activity of mitochondrial ATP
synthase. The expression of IF1 in differentiated human and mouse cells is highly variable …

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis, triggers multiple sclerosis, and is
associated with 200,000 cancers/year. EBV colonizes the human B cell compartment and …

The coexistence of two pools of ATP synthase in mitochondria has been largely neglected
despite in vitro indications for the existence of reversible active/inactive state transitions in …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of tryptophan, is an endogenous substance produced
intracellularly by various human cells. In addition, KYNA can be synthesized by the gut …

Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD) have highlighted the complex interplay between the genome, the epigenome, and the …