A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a
significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF …

Interleukins (ILs)—which are important members of cytokines—consist of a vast group of
molecules, including a wide range of immune mediators that contribute to the immunological …

FRA1 (FOSL1) is a transcription factor and a member of the activator protein-1 superfamily.
FRA1 is expressed in most tissues at low levels, and its expression is robustly induced in …

The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed predominantly
on white blood cells and participate in immune cell recognition of self. Most Siglecs contain …

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important and unresolved problem in
biological and clinical psychiatry. Approximately 30% of cases of schizophrenia (Sch) are …

Depression is a major global health issue that urgently requires innovative and precise
treatment options. In this context, saikosaponin has emerged as a promising candidate …

Background Inflammatory responses play key roles in the development and progression of
many pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. Accurate …

Abstract Background and Aims Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood and other bodily fluids
provide diagnostic indicators for assessing inflammatory processes. Menstrual effluent may …

Cytokines and their receptors have a vital function in regulating various processes such as
immune function, inflammation, haematopoiesis, cell growth and differentiation. The …

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects
social skills, language, communication, and behavioral skills, significantly impacting the …