Sex differences in susceptibility, severity, and progression are prevalent for various diseases
in multiple organ systems. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in respiratory diseases …

Human evolution has shaped gender differences between males and females. Over the
years, scientific studies have proposed that epigenetic modifications significantly influence …

INTRODUCTION Many complex human phenotypes, including diseases, exhibit sex-
differentiated characteristics. These sex differences have been variously attributed to …

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the major genetic disorders associated with infant
mortality. More than 90% of cases of SMA result from deletions of or mutations in the …

The democratization of genomic technologies has revealed profound sex biases in
expression patterns in every adult tissue, even in organs with no conspicuous differences …

The transcription factor FOXL2 is required in ovarian somatic cells for female fertility.
Differential timing of Foxl2 deletion, in embryonic versus adult mouse ovary, leads to …

Fetal sex affects the risk of pregnancy complications and the long-term effects of prenatal
environment on health. Some have hypothesized that growth strategies differ between the …

Sex chromosomes are typically viewed as having originated from a pair of autosomes, and
differentiated as the sex-limited chromosome (eg Y) has degenerated by losing most genes …

Sex and sexual differentiation are pervasive across the tree of life. Because females and
males often have substantially different functional requirements, we expect selection to differ …

The obstetrical dilemma describes the competing demands that a bipedally adapted pelvis
and a large‐brained neonate place on human childbirth and is the predominant model …