Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are often considered the highest level of evidence,
with high impact on clinical practice guidelines. The methodological literature on systematic …

The control of cardiovascular risk factors, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, and
antithrombotic therapy are the cornerstones of secondary prevention after acute coronary …

Background: Long-term comparative outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI) with everolimus-eluting stents and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are limited …

Background Due to improved management, diagnosis, and care of myocardial infarction
(MI), patients may now survive long enough to increasingly develop serious …

Background We studied asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) to predict
mortality in a cohort of Finnish adults with an 18-year follow up. Methods A national health …

The desire, by patients and society, for faster access to therapies has driven a long tradition
of the use of surrogate endpoints in the evaluation of pharmaceuticals and, more recently …

Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is
recommended in revascularization guidelines for intermediate lesions. However, recent …

Background and aims Drugs for diabetes are required to demonstrate cardiovascular safety
through CV outcome trials (CVOT). The pre-defined end-points for cardiovascular outcome …

Background Heart failure (HF) admission is used as a study endpoint in clinical trials.
However, it remains unclear whether it can be a valid surrogate endpoint for mortality …

Inflammation is a crucial factor in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (MI).
Neutrophils, as the first wave of leukocytes to infiltrate the injured myocardium, exacerbate …