Since its appearance, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2),
the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents a global problem for …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and …

Background In sepsis, brain dysfunction is known as Sepsis-associated encephalopathy
(SAE), which often results in severe cognitive and neurological sequelae and increases the …

SARS-CoV-2 infection is often associated with severe inflammation, oxidative stress,
hypoxia and impaired physical activity. These factors all together contribute to muscle …

Background Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response and metabolic
alterations, including decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common consequence of sepsis with a mortality rate of up to
40%. The pathogenesis of septic AKI is complex and involves several mechanisms leading …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is triggered by the SARS-CoV-2, which is able to
infect and cause dysfunction not only in lungs, but also in multiple organs, including central …

Simple Summary High-density lipoproteins are often described as the 'good'cholesterol in
the bloodstream, as this complex of lipids (fats) and proteins is known to protect many cells …

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by deep disorders in both innate and
adaptive immune systems that imply unbalance deactivation and immunosuppression. The …

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus started in March 2020. The conclusions from numerous studies indicate that …