Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare and potentially life-
threatening complication of acute pulmonary embolism. It is characterised by persistent fibro …

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD), also known as “pulmonary arterial hypertension
(PAH) with overt features of venous/capillary involvement”, is a rare cause of PAH …

The Billroth IV consensus was developed during a consensus meeting of the Austrian
Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH) and the Austrian Society of …

Background Right ventricular (RV) function is a major prognostic factor in patients with
cardiopulmonary disease. Effective medical therapies are available for left heart failure, but …

The development of PH in lung disease significantly worsens the morbidity and mortality of
patients with COPD and ILD. However, recent findings show importance of recognizing …

Background In the early literature, unintentional vitamin C deficiency in humans was
associated with heart failure. Experimental vitamin C deficiency in guinea pigs caused …

Aims Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PAWP)≥ 25 mmHg during bicycle ergometry is
recommended to uncover occult heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We …

Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is considered a
major contributor to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and a key mechanism of …

The nitric oxide (NO)–soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)–cyclic guanosine monophosphate
(cGMP) pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease that affects> 10% of the total
population worldwide or> 800 million people. CKD poses a particularly heavy burden in low …