Deimatic behaviours, also referred to as startle behaviours, are used against predators and
rivals. Although many are spectacular, their proximate and ultimate causes remain unclear …

Animal camouflage has long been used to illustrate the power of natural selection, and
provides an excellent testbed for investigating the trade‐offs affecting the adaptive value of …

Social organisation in animals takes many forms. It includes assemblages of territorial
animals, dominance hierarchies and social groups, among other things. The basic tenet that …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

Many animals are toxic or unpalatable and signal this to predators with warning signals
(aposematism). Aposematic appearance has long been a classical system to study predator …

Manipulation of the electromagnetic signature in multiple wavebands is necessary and
effective in civil and industrial applications. However, the integration of multispectral …

Antipredator defenses and warning signals typically evolve in concert. However, the
extensive variation across taxa in both these components of predator deterrence and the …

Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to
avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of …

Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

The initial evolution of warning signals in unprofitable prey, termed aposematism, is often
seen as a paradox because any new conspicuous mutant would be easier to detect than its …