The brain is a vital organ, susceptible to alterations under genetic influences and
environmental experiences. Social isolation (SI) acts as a stressor which results in …

Of wide interest for health is the relation existing between depression, a very common
psychological illness, accompanied by anxiety and reduced ability to concentrate, and adult …

Cytokines are key regulatory mediators involved in the host response to immunological
challenges, but also play a critical role in the communication between the immune and the …

Dopamine is a brain neurotransmitter involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. The
dopamine hypothesis states that, in schizophrenia, dopaminergic signal transduction is …

The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
(BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood …

Adult neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are generated in the brains of
adults. Since its discovery 50 years ago, adult neurogenesis has been widely studied in the …

The discovery of the rapid antidepressant effects of the dissociative anaesthetic ketamine,
an uncompetitive N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor antagonist, is arguably the most important …

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the
central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, chronic, recurrent mental illness that affects
millions of individuals worldwide. To date, the monoaminergic systems (serotonin …

It is well accepted that events that interfere with the normal program of neuronal
differentiation and brain maturation may be relevant for the etiology of psychiatric disorders …