A recent paradigm shift in support of 5G-and-beyond (5GB), Human-to-Machine/Robot
(H2M/R), and the Tactile Internet has resulted in a surge of latency-sensitive applications …

Over the past fifty years, telecommunications has transformed, in an unprecedented manner,
the way we live, work and communicate. For telecommunications, fixed networks are the one …

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) has fascinated great attention more recently to strengthen
the network capacity. To implement MDM in data centers services, a low power and low cost …

The rapid growth of advanced technologies such as cloud computing in the Industry 4.0 era
has provided numerous advantages. Cloud computing is one of the most significant …

The rising demand for bandwidth in optical communication networks has led to the need for
more efficient solutions for spectrum allocation. This article presents a solution to enhance …

An integer linear programming (ILP) model was developed with the intention of reducing the
quantity of network spectrum resources while maintaining spectrum contiguity and spectrum …

The requirement for the huge bandwidth-demanding applications has urged researchers to
develop improved data pipes that could allow smooth data flow. Revolutionary growth has …

In this paper, a high-speed transmission system that combines a multimode fiber (MMF) with
Free Space Optics (FSO) is proposed to accommodate the rapid growth of traffic. As Orbital …

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards extending the coverage of
passive optical networks (PONs) over large geographical areas. Long-reach PONs …

Abstract A Passive Optical Network (PON) does not include any power loss components in
the transmission medium and it is immune to RF interference. Due to these advantages …