This expansion of the hierarchy theory of evolution provides a new perspective in which
biological phenomena are conceptualized. In this work, we (1) attempt to revise the ontology …

Background Abnormal states in human liver metabolism are major causes of human liver
diseases ranging from hepatitis to hepatic tumor. The accumulation in relevant data makes it …

One of the main aims of current biology is to understand the origin of the molecular
organization that underlies the complex dynamic architecture of cellular life. Here, we …

Prediction of essential genes helps to identify a minimal set of genes that are absolutely
required for the appropriate functioning and survival of a cell. The available machine …

Background The study of biological interaction networks is a central theme of systems
biology. Here, we investigate the relationships between two distinct types of interaction …

Curcumin is an important bioactive component of turmeric and also one of the important
natural products, which has been investigated extensively. The precise mode of action of …

Root hairs are tubular outgrowths that originate from epidermal cells. Exposure of
Arabidopsis to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic [arsenite, As (III)] increases root hair density and …

The complex integrity of the cells and its sudden, but often predictable changes can be
described and understood by the topology and dynamism of cellular networks. All these …

Curcumin, the medically active component from Curcuma longa (Turmeric), is widely used to
treat inflammatory diseases. Protein interaction network (PIN) analysis was used to predict …

Humans are dominant global drivers of ecological and evolutionary change, rearranging
ecosystems and natural selection. In the present article, we show increasing evidence that …