The innate immune system relies on a germ-line-encoded repertoire of pattern recognition
receptors (PRRs), activated by deeply conserved pathogen signatures, such as bacterial cell …

There is a persistent bias toward higher prevalence and increased severity of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) in males. Underlying mechanisms accounting for this sex …

Stem cell therapies have the potential to not only repair, but to regenerate tissue of the
central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies demonstrate that transplanted stem cells can …

Governance theory in political science and international relations has to adapt to the onset
of an increasingly digital society. However, until now, technological advancements and the …

Engineered far-from-equilibrium synthetic chemical networks that pulse or switch states in
response to environmental signals could precisely regulate the kinetics of chemical …

Aims The exploration of novel immunomodulatory interventions to improve outcome in heart
failure (HF) is hampered by the complexity/redundancies of inflammatory pathways, which …

Acute brain injury (ABI) is a broad concept mainly comprised of sudden parenchymal brain
injury. Acute brain injury outcomes are dependent not only on the severity of the primary …

Feed-forward loops are means of managing homeostasis under dynamic conditions (1–4). It
is a way for organisms and cells to manage inputs and responses while maintaining optimal …

Macrophages have been recognized as the primary mediators of innate immunity starting
from embryonic/fetal development. Macrophage-mediated defenses may not be as antigen …

Background and Purpose In animal models of sepsis, increased activation of the
Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) receptor NOP is associated with mortality and NOP …