Metabolites produced by commensal gut microbes impact host health through their
recognition by the immune system and their influence on numerous metabolic pathways …

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus
type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to …

miRNAs can be found in serum and other body fluids and serve as biomarkers for disease.
More importantly, secreted miRNAs, especially those in extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as …

Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent two universal public
health hazards, especially in today's Western societies. A causal-effect relationship has …

Proper regulation and management of energy, substrate diversity and quantity, as well as
macromolecular synthesis and breakdown processes, are fundamental to cellular and …

Aging causes a functional decline in tissues throughout the body that may be delayed by
caloric restriction (CR). However, the cellular profiles and signatures of aging, as well as …

The relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and/or insulin action causes diabetes.
However, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus can be associated with an absolute increase …

Insulin resistance is one of the earliest defects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Over
the past 50 years, elucidation of the insulin signalling network has provided important …

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation, which contributes to insulin resistance and
type 2 diabetes mellitus. Under normal conditions, skeletal muscle is responsible for the …

The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic
heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis …