Functional materials with multi‐responsive properties and good controllability are highly
desired for developing bioinspired and intelligent multifunctional systems. Although some …

A diversity of defence colourations that shift over time provides protection against natural
enemies. Adaptations for camouflage depend on an organism's interactions with the natural …

Aim Animal coloration varies in response to environmental conditions. One well‐known
principle, Gloger's rule, suggests that warmer and wetter environments lead to more …

Many animals avoid predation using aposematic displays that pair toxic/dangerous
defences with conspicuous achromatic warning patterns, such as high-contrast stripes. To …

Colour is an important component of many different defensive strategies, but signal efficacy
and detectability will also depend on the size of the coloured structures, and how pattern …

Background matching camouflage enables animals to evade detection with colours and
patterns that resemble and blend into the environment. Effective concealment can, however …

Protective defense mechanisms are well documented across the animal kingdom, but there
are still examples of antipredator defenses that do not fit easily into the current …

Organismal colours have long captivated and inspired naturalists and scientists. Since
colours depend on the life history of a species, it is expected that they respond to …

Dorsal markings are common, and can function in predator evasion, as sexual signals, or be
the remnants of developmental or physiological processes. We used phylogenetic …

Host immune traits arise from both genetic and environmental sources of variation. When
immune traits have a strong genetic basis, the presence and severity of disease in a …