Over the past 40 years, Jim Cummins has proposed a number of highly influential theoretical
concepts, including the threshold and interdependence hypotheses and the distinction …

This study analysed Finnish teachers'(N= 820) understandings and attitudes about teaching
students from immigrant backgrounds and how these relate to linguistically and culturally …

Learning to read marks an important milestone in children. Extensive research with
monolingual and bilingual children has demonstrated that language comprehension (LC) …

Abstract In multilingual sub-Saharan African countries, many children attend school and
learn to read in a language that they do not speak at home. This mismatch between home …

Bilingual children have unique needs for school readiness as they navigate between two
languages and cultures. A supportive home language environment, where children are …

The study examines language aware practices in early childhood education and care
(ECEC) in Finland. In Finland, the number of citizens with languages other than the national …

This study investigates how Finnish teachers regard immigrant families' home language
policies. Of the teachers who responded, 53.3% believed it best for parents to speak their …

Spanish-speaking students constitute the largest subgroup of emergent bilingual (EB)
students in the United States. Using longitudinal data on a nationally representative sample …

Although the important role of children's executive function (EF) in their reading
development has been well-established, less is known about the extent to which multilingual …

We examined the developmental trajectories and cognitive predictors of first language
Chinese reading, second language English reading, and mathematics skills in Hong Kong …