The retinal image is sampled concurrently, and largely independently, by three
physiologically and anatomically distinct pathways, each with separate ON and OFF …

Structural plasticity of the axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential initiation, is
observed as part of the normal early development of the cortex, as well as in association …

Chronic administration of d-galactose (d-gal) is widely used to mimic the process of brain
aging; however, the neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we …

Age and inhibition has been one of the most prominent and explored research areas in
cognition and aging in the past 30 years, and the deficit in ignoring irrelevant information in …

Changes in the visual cortex appear to mediate much of the visual degradation during
normal aging. However, how aging affects different stages along the visual pathway is …

The representation of objects becomes increasingly complex at higher levels of the human
visual cortex. Shapes of intermediate complexity serve as a step in the representation of …

It is well known that quality of hearing decreases with increasing age due to changes in the
peripheral or central auditory pathway. Along with the decrease in the number of neurons …

Methods A total of 19 healthy young adult musicians, 16 healthy young non-musicians, 13
healthy older adult musicians, and 16 healthy older adult non-musicians were recruited for …

Visual functions deteriorate gradually during the normal aging process, including the
decrease of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity to visual signals, impairments in orientation …

The present study examined the effect of aging on the detection and discrimination of
contours embedded in a dense field of distractors. The minimum stimulus duration required …