In recent years, 5G networks and services become progressively popular among
telecommunication providers. Simultaneously, the growth in the usage and deployment of …

Authentication is one of the security services that assures the system's adequate security
through identification and verification. Additionally, it guarantees that the communication …

Smart cities, fueled by the Internet of Things (IoT), promise urban efficiency and
convenience. However, it has also exposed vulnerabilities in the security and privacy of …

The security of Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) and its authentication
procedure based on multiple stages is analyzed. The security analysis shows that the …

One of the objectives of information security is to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of
the information by ensuring that information is transferred in a way that is secure from any …

Multiphoton Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has recently been proposed to exchange the
secret keys using the rotational of polarization over a multi-stage protocol. It has the ability to …

It was recently proposed to use quantum secure direct communication (QSDC), a branch of
quantum cryptography, to secure data transfers from sender to receiver without relying on …