The AIDS epidemic has been a global public health issue for more than 40 years and has
resulted in~ 40 million deaths. AIDS is caused by the retrovirus, HIV-1, which is transmitted …

The infectious microscopic viruses invade living cells to reproduce themselves, and causes
chronic infections such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, flu, etc. in humans which may lead to …

Since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs
categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the …

Thirty years after the discovery of HIV-1, the early transmission, dissemination, and
establishment of the virus in human populations remain unclear. Using statistical …

We present an expansion of the classification of the family Papillomaviridae, which now
contains 29 genera formed by 189 papillomavirus (PV) types isolated from humans (120 …

Background Contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ART) and management strategies have
diminished both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment failure and the acquired …

A large number of medically important viruses, including HIV, hepatitis C virus, and
influenza, have RNA genomes. These viruses replicate with extremely high mutation rates …

Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and
evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies. Since the …

Background To investigate differences in pathogenesis, diagnosis and resistance pathways
between HIV-1 subtypes, an accurate subtyping tool for large datasets is needed. We aimed …

Evaluating the accuracy of multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is critical for virtually every
comparative sequence analysis that uses an MSA as input. Here we present the GUIDANCE …