Unsupervised learning (UL) has a long and successful history in untangling the complexity
of cities. As the counterpart of supervised learning, it discovers patterns from intrinsic data …

Unprecedented rail transit development in China's megacities has boosted the utilization of
metro-led underground space (MUS). Vigorous MUS is critical for sustainable underground …

Promoting urban vibrancy is one of the major objectives of urban planners and government
officials, and it is linked to various benefits, such as urban prosperity and human well-being …

A quantitative study of urban vitality brings new insights for evaluating the external
construction environment and internal development power of cities. However, it still has …

Urban vitality is an important indicator of urban development capacity. Streets' metrics can
depict intro-urban fabrics and physiognomy in detail, and thus street vitality affected by street …

Under the guidance of Shanghai Underground Space Concept Plan (2005–2020)(SUSCP
2005-2020), urban underground public space (UUPS) has been built and put into operation …

Street space quality assessment refers to the extraction and appropriate evaluation of the
space quality information of urban streets, which is usually employed to improve the quality …

Cellular automata (CA) is a classical method for studying land use change. However,
homogeneous transformation rules have commonly been used to conduct simulations in the …

In the global trend of urban shrinkage, urban vitality, as one of the important representations
of high-quality urban development, has become a breakthrough. More and more scholars …

Stability is one dimension of urban vibrancy, capturing routine temporal variations in the use
pattern of urban spaces. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns and relationships …