We review the three prevailing approaches—specificity, cumulative risk, and dimensional
models—to conceptualizing the developmental consequences of early-life adversity and …

Background Adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores have become a common
approach for considering childhood adversities and are highly influential in public policy and …

Two extant frameworks–the harshness-unpredictability model and the threat-deprivation
model–attempt to explain which dimensions of adversity have distinct influences on …

Discovering the processes through which early adverse experiences affect children's
nervous-system development, health, and behavior is critically important for developing …

Investigating the developmental sequelae of early life stress has provided researchers the
opportunity to examine adaptive responses to extreme environments. A large body of work …

Emerging evidence suggests that partially distinct mechanisms may underlie the association
between different dimensions of early life adversity (ELA) and psychopathology in children …

Adversity early in life is common and is a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology.
Delineating the neurodevelopmental pathways by which early adversity affects mental …

Importance Many studies have demonstrated an association between early-life adversity
(ELA) and executive functioning in children and adolescents. However, the aggregate …

Background The relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and
detrimental mental health outcomes has been increasingly explored within scientific …

Exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with elevations in numerous physical and
mental health outcomes across the life course. The biological embedding of early …