At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …

Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are the backbone of combination treatments for patients with
multiple myeloma and AL amyloidosis, while also indicated in Waldenström's …

Rationale: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in heart failure (HF). However,
the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial functions via selective mitochondrial …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used in many of the current stem cell‐based clinical
trials and their therapeutic efficacy has increasingly been attributed to secretion of paracrine …

Cardiac remodeling involves molecular, cellular, and in-terstitial changes that manifest
clinically as changes in size, shape, and function of the heart after injury or stress …

Connexins are tetraspan transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions and facilitate
direct intercellular communication, a critical feature for the development, function, and …

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can affect
multiple systems. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a close linkage with SLE …

Gap junctions (GJs) are the only known cellular structures that allow a direct cell-to-cell
transfer of signaling molecules by forming densely packed arrays or “plaques” of hydrophilic …

The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of striated muscle and is a highly ordered protein
complex with the actin and myosin filaments at its core. Assembling the sarcomere …

During the last 15 years, the perception of the cardiac z-disc has undergone substantial
changes. Initially viewed as a structural component at the lateral boundaries of the …