Honest signalling assumes a correlation between an observable signal and a
nonobservable quality. There are many mutually nonexclusive mechanisms that can …

Defensive toxins are widely used by animals, plants and micro‐organisms to deter natural
enemies. An important characteristic of such defences is diversity both in the quantity of …

Demonstrations of interactions between diverse selective forces on bright coloration in
defended species are rare. Recent work has suggested that not only do the bright colours of …

Host plant specialization across herbivorous insects varies dramatically, but while the
molecular mechanisms of host plant adaptations are increasingly known, we often lack a …

Many prey species use colourful 'aposematic'signalling to advertise the fact that they are
toxic. Some recent studies have shown that the brightness of aposematic displays correlates …

Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance Full colour Covers everything from classic
examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human …

Bright colours in distasteful prey warn off predators, but processes associated with
ontogenetic acquisition of warning colours and distasteful compounds have been studied in …

The combined use of noxious chemical defences and conspicuous warning colours is a
ubiquitous anti-predator strategy. That such signals advertise the presence of defences is …

Avian predators learn to avoid defended insects on the basis of their conspicuous warning
coloration. In many aposematic species, the level of chemical defence varies, with some …

Aposematic prey advertise their toxicity using conspicuous visual signals that predators
quickly learn to avoid. However, it is advantageous for predators not to simply avoid toxic …