Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of various diseases including
diabetes, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Systemic oxidative stress results from an imbalance …

Within the last years, a rapidly growing number of polyphenolic compounds with
neuroprotective effects have been described. Many efforts have been made to explore the …

Background Previous studies had showed that Apelin 13 could protect against apoptosis
induced by ischemic/reperfusion (I/R). However, the mechanisms whereby Apelin 13 …

Apelin is a peptide known as the ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Several
active apelin forms exist such as apelin-36, apelin-17, apelin-13, and the pyroglutamated …

Apelin-13 is a novel endogenous ligand for an angiotensin-like orphan G-protein coupled
receptor, and it may be neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia injury. However, the …

A gene encoding a novel class a G-protein-coupled receptor was discovered in 1993 by
homology cloning and was called APJ. It was designated an “orphan” receptor until 1998 …

Stem cell transplantation therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative medicine for
ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, many issues and …

Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein-
coupled receptor named the apelin receptor (AR/APJ/APLNR). Ligand-AR interactions have …

High-caloric diet and physical inactivity predispose individuals to obesity and diabetes,
which are risk factors of hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Along with …

Apelin is a natural ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, and the apelin/APJ system
is widely distributed in vivo. Among the apelin family, apelin-13 is the major apelin isoform in …